1295年義大利法庭記錄中的女同志

女性故事常被男性主導的史書略而不提，違反正規的女同志更令人鄙夷遠之。然而歷史的反諷在於：女同志就是得「大逆不道」才能讓史書不得不記下她們走過的足跡。



歷史學者Carol Lansing研究歐洲中世紀法律文獻，她發現1295年6月義大利北部波隆那市法院審理一宗Sodomy同性性行為不檢案件，歷來這種罪狀多用於男性，此一早期案例極為罕見地紀錄女性被告人。

• 參考：Lansing 2005 “Donna con Donna? A 1295 Inquest into Female Sodomy”。PS：網友 Lucinda Ho補充“Donna con Donna"可譯為「夫人與夫人」

Bertolina(帕朵里納) ，綽號Guercia，家世背景不算差，當時父親已去世。她不吝於公開自己的性傾向，當地人都知道她喜歡女人。文獻沒有提到她的丈夫，也沒有提到她是寡婦，有可能從未結婚。沒有紀錄她的職業，但也未暗示她從事性工作。她除了被控訴性行為不檢，還被指控運用魔術和算命方法操控別人相愛或相恨，藉此索取金錢。 可能這份收入不少，讓她可以出手闊綽。也可能手段不佳，引起別人不滿。

最初有人匿名向巡迴法庭告狀，指出帕朵里納：

 (she) is and long has been, especially for the last six months, a public and well known sodomite, using a certain mancipium with two silk testicles, conducting herself lustfully with women with this mancipium as men do with women.

(她)一直為眾所週知有同性性行為，最近六個月發現她會使用某種帶著兩個絲質睾丸的mancipium，如同男女性交，她對女人逕行淫蕩

提告人還附加其他行為強調帕朵里納是影響社會的壞份子：

she is a public and well known magician and diviner, deceiving the men and women of the city of Bologna, extorting money from them, saying that she was able to make people greatly and entirely love her, and make others hate, in the manner of a magician and idolator.

她也是公開知名的魔術師和占卜人，欺騙波隆那男女市民詐取金錢，她能以魔術師和偶像的態勢，使人們對她愛得要死，對他人恨得要命。

法官Lantlemon不是當地人，訊問四個居民所見所聞能否支持這項罪名，但他們都辯稱帕朵里妮並沒有被控的事蹟。這迫使匿名提告人現身出面，原來幕後推手是Gulielmo，他是當地三大貴族之一。有錢有勢的人物自己找來兩名證人，其中一位Ugolino Martini(烏戈利諾·馬蒂尼)證詞留存下來：

One evening [I was] at supper in my house in the parish of Yeme, in the past though I don’t remember whether it was this year or last year, nor the day or month, but it was after the third bell. 

有天晚上，我在位於耶姆教區的家中吃晚飯，不記得是今年還是去年的事，也不記得是那月那天，總之發生在「第三次敲鐘」之後。

I heard two men singing and I went out of my house and went to where they were singing. I did not know them, nor do I know them. They were singing near the church of San Tomaso where they were making a serenade, but I don’t know to whom. 

我聽到兩個男子吟唱歌聲，出門循聲於聖托馬索教堂附近尋得。我對兩人素昧平生，也不知道吟唱對象是誰。

When they had sung, I said to them that they should come with me and serenade my lady. They said that they did not wish to come unless it was with the agreement of Guercia, who was present, and at whose request they said they were there. Guercia said that she did want them to come with me.

他們唱完後，我提議來為我心儀的女士吟唱情歌。他們回答，除非在場的Guercia(帕朵里納)同意他的要求，要不然他們也不想多唱。因為是她雇請他們來演唱。Guercia大方表示讓歌手跟著我一起去。

The men and Guercia came along with me, and I led them to the house of Lady Dolzebone in the parish of San Biagio and had them sing there. Guercia said to me, ‘Are you interested in this widow?’ I said yes, and she said, ‘I have been interested in her for two years.’ I replied to her, ‘Unlucky you, how can you be interested in women?’  

歌手連同Guercia與我一起到聖比亞焦教區的多爾茲伯恩夫人住所表演。Guercia問我：您在追求這位寡婦？我說是的。她爆料：我已經追求她兩年了。 我說：妳運氣真不好，但妳怎麼能追求女人？

She said, ‘It is because I fuck them with these dildos of silk that I have.’ I said to her, ‘May I see some of these dildos?’ She said yes and drew one from her purse and showed it to me. It was made of silk, but I do not know what kind of silk. She showed me a number of them though I don’t know how many because I did not count them, but some were great and large and some small, and I am not sure whether she showed me ten.

她說：我能用這些絲質的假陽具性交。我說：我可以見識一些假陽具嗎？她就從提包拿出一個展示。那是絲綢製作，但我不知道是哪種絲綢。她又展示了好幾個，我不知道到底有多少，因為我沒有計算，大大小小不一，我不確定是否拿出了十個。

烏戈利諾坦言這只是交談內容，並沒有親眼見證，對於魔術和占卜則一無所知。

法官傳喚帕朵里納到庭說明，但是她一直避不出面。法官本來判她禁止在波隆那出現，後來改以高額罰款取代。沒有紀錄證明她繳付罰款，或許她偷偷離開，或是原告感到滿足沒有再繼續追究。

有錢有勢的Gulielmo為什麼要對一個單身女子告狀？後人推測他可能與帕朵里納追求同一位女子，輸掉裡子面子而心生報復。或是被她取走金錢，又不滿意她的魔術和占卜結果。

這個案例超出我對歐洲中世紀的想像，有些出乎意料的情境：帕朵里納的社會地位並不高，但是她有本事賺錢，自由自在過日子，雇請樂手增進生活情趣，或是她正在用情歌追求另一個女子。她可以公開追求女性，還能驕傲地和陌生人大談房中之術，用高級的絲綢製作一堆假陽具，好能隨身攜帶隨時上場。左鄰右舍都知道她的行為，作證時卻保持沈默，沒有人作對。要不是原告的貴族身份和他堅持告訴，法庭只好判處高額罰款結案，卻沒有一併追究她的同性情人，也沒有擴展罪名到魔術和占卜之類的女巫嫌疑。

如果沒有像Gulielmo這類人士來干擾，不知道有多少帕朵里納和女伴一起生活在中世紀獨立自治的市民社會裡。